Generalized functions, often formulated as distributions, have become indispensable in the rigorous mathematical formulation of quantum field theory (QFT). These constructs extend the classical notion ...

Mathematicians have struggled to understand the moduli space of graphs. A new paper uses tools from physics to peek inside. “That’s a super hard problem. It’s amazing they were able to,” said Dan ...

Physicists have long suspected that there is a layer of physical reality beneath quantum theory and a new mathematical model ...

We consider a vacuum to be the lowest energy state of the Universe. But it's possible that there's an even lower-energy, more ...

Recent decades have witnessed remarkable progress in establishing rigorous mathematical frameworks for quantum field theory (QFT), conformal field theory (CFT), quantum gravity and string theory.

A unified theory of everything has long eluded scientists due to gravity being irreconcilable with the three other fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak, and strong) described using quantum field ...